Computer Repair Glossary
Computer Repair Word Definitions
Adware
Adware is software that is designed to display advertisements on a computer. It can be bundled with other software and can be difficult to remove. It is often used to generate revenue for the software developer.
Antivirus Software
Antivirus software is a type of utility that is designed to detect and remove malware from a computer. It scans the computer for known viruses and can also scan incoming files and emails to prevent new infections.
Application Software
Application software is a type of software that performs specific tasks for the user. Examples include word processors, web browsers, and media players.
Backup
A backup is a copy of data that is made in case the original data is lost or damaged. It is used to restore data in the event of a hardware failure, software issue, or other disaster.
BIOS
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a type of firmware that is stored on a computer’s motherboard. It is responsible for booting the computer and providing a interface for configuring system settings.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a wireless networking technology that allows devices to communicate with each other over short distances. It is commonly used to connect devices such as phones, tablets, and laptops to peripherals such as keyboards and headphones.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU, or processor, is the brain of a computer, responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations.
Computer Case
A computer case, also known as a tower or chassis, is the enclosure that contains a computer’s main components. It is responsible for protecting and organizing the hardware, as well as providing airflow to keep the components cool.
Computer Cleaning
Computer cleaning is the process of removing dirt, dust, and other debris from a computer to keep it in good working condition. It can include tasks such as cleaning the keyboard, mouse, and monitor, as well as cleaning the inside of the computer.
Computer Freeze
A computer freeze is an event that occurs when a computer becomes unresponsive and stops functioning correctly. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including hardware issues, software bugs, and malware.
Computer Hang
A computer hang is an event that occurs when a computer becomes unresponsive and stops functioning correctly. It is similar to a freeze, but the computer may still be able to perform certain tasks, such as moving the mouse cursor, but is otherwise unresponsive.
Computer Maintenance
Computer maintenance is the process of keeping a computer in good working condition. It can include tasks such as cleaning the computer, updating software, and running maintenance utilities.
Computer Network
A computer network is a group of interconnected computers that can communicate with each other. It can be as small as a home network or as large as the internet.
Computer Reboot
A computer reboot is the process of shutting down and starting up a computer again. It is similar to a restart, but is often used to refer to the process of starting up a computer after it has been turned off or has lost power.
Computer Repair
Computer repair is the process of diagnosing and fixing problems with a computer. It can include hardware repair, software troubleshooting, and maintenance tasks.
Computer Restart
A computer restart is the process of shutting down and starting up a computer again. It can be used to fix problems with the computer, such as software bugs or hardware issues, and is often the first troubleshooting step when a computer is not functioning properly.
Computer Technician
A computer technician is a person who is trained to repair and maintain computers. They may work in a computer repair service, in a corporate IT department, or as a freelancer providing repair and maintenance services.
Computer Virus
A computer virus is a type of malware that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. It can cause damage to a computer system or steal sensitive information.
Computer Worm
A computer worm is a type of malware that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another without the need for a host file. It can cause damage to a computer system or disrupt network communication.
Device Driver
A device driver is a piece of software that allows a computer’s operating system to communicate with a specific piece of hardware, such as a printer or graphics card.
Domain Name System (DNS)
DNS is a system that translates human-readable domain names (such as “google.com”) into IP addresses (such as “172.217.163.100”). It is used to locate servers and resources on the internet.
Ethernet
Ethernet is a type of network protocol that is used to connect devices together in a LAN. It uses cables to transmit data and is the most common type of network connection.
File System
A file system is a method of organizing and storing files on a computer. It is responsible for creating, deleting, and managing the files and directories on a computer’s storage media.
Firewall
A firewall is a security system that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It is used to protect a network from external threats, such as malware and hacking attempts.
Firmware
Firmware is a type of software that is stored on a computer’s hardware, such as the BIOS or the firmware on a router. It controls the hardware and is responsible for low-level tasks.
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
A GPU is a specialized processor that is designed to handle the complex calculations needed to render images and video. It is responsible for rendering the graphics on a computer’s display and is an important component for gaming and other graphics-intensive tasks.
Hardware
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the motherboard, processor, and memory.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
An HDD is a type of storage device that uses spinning disks to store data. It is used to store large amounts of data long-term.
IP Address
An IP address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. It uniquely identifies a device on the network.
Keyboard
A keyboard is a device that is used to input data and commands into a computer. It consists of a layout of keys that correspond to different letters, numbers, and symbols.
Local Area Network (LAN)
A LAN is a computer network that is confined to a small geographic area, such as a home or office. It typically uses Ethernet cables to connect devices.
Malware
Malware is a term used to describe any software that is designed to perform malicious actions on a computer. It includes viruses, worms, trojans, and other types of harmful software.
Monitor
A monitor is a display device that is used to output the visual content of a computer. It can be a CRT (cathode ray tube), LCD (liquid crystal display), or OLED (organic light-emitting diode) display.
Motherboard
The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer, responsible for connecting all of the other hardware components together.
Mouse
A mouse is a device that is used to input data and commands into a computer. It consists of a button or buttons and a cursor that is moved across the screen to select items and input data.
Netmask
A netmask is a number used to determine which portion of an IP address represents the network and which portion represents the host. It is used to determine which devices are on the same network.
Network Interface Controller (NIC)
A NIC is a hardware component that allows a computer to connect to a network. It can be a wired or wireless connection, and is often integrated into the motherboard or installed as a separate card.
Network Topology
Network topology refers to the layout of a computer network, including the physical and logical connections between devices. Common topologies include star, bus, ring, and mesh.
Operating System (OS)
An operating system is the software that manages a computer’s hardware resources and provides services to other programs. Examples include Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Port
A port is a logical connection point on a computer for transmitting and receiving data. Each port has a unique number that is used to identify the type of data being transmitted and to route the data to the correct application or service.
Power Cord
A power cord is a cable that is used to connect a device to a power source. It is typically used to connect a computer or other electronic device to an outlet.
Power Strip
A power strip is a device that has multiple outlets and allows a user to plug in multiple electrical devices at once. It is often used to extend the number of outlets available or to provide surge protection for electronic devices.
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
A PSU is a device that supplies power to a computer. It converts AC power from an outlet into the DC power needed by the computer’s components.
Printer
A printer is a device that is used to output data from a computer. It can print text, images, and other content onto paper or other media.
Protocol
A protocol is a set of rules and standards that govern how devices communicate with each other on a network. Examples include TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.
Proxy Server
A proxy server is a server that acts as an intermediary between a client and another server. It is used to improve security, anonymity, and performance on a network.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
RAM is a type of computer memory that is used to store data temporarily while a computer is running.
Ransomware
Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim’s files, making them inaccessible until a ransom is paid to the attacker to decrypt them.
Router
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It connects networks together and controls the flow of data between them.
Scanner
A scanner is a device that is used to input images and text into a computer. It captures an image of a document or photograph and converts it into digital form.
Software
Software refers to the programs and operating systems that run on a computer, such as the operating system, drivers, and applications.
Software Bug
A software bug is an error in a software program that causes it to behave in unexpected ways. Bugs can range from minor annoyances to serious problems that can cause the software to crash or function improperly.
Software Crash
A software crash is an event that occurs when a software program stops functioning correctly and closes unexpectedly. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including bugs, hardware issues, and malware.
Software Patch
A software patch is a piece of software that is used to update or fix a problem with an existing software program. It is often distributed as a small file that is applied to the software to fix bugs or add new features.
Software Update
A software update is a new version of a software program that is released to fix bugs, add new features, or improve the performance of the software. It is often distributed through an automatic update process or can be manually downloaded and installed by the user.
Solid State Drive (SSD)
An SSD is a type of storage device that uses flash memory to store data. It is faster than an HDD, but typically has less storage capacity.
Sound Card
A sound card is a hardware component that allows a computer to produce sound. It is often installed as a separate card or is integrated onto the motherboard. It is used to play audio files and to enable sound in games and other software.
Spyware
Spyware is a type of malware that is designed to collect information about a computer user without their knowledge. It can be used to track a user’s online activity, steal sensitive information, or display unwanted advertisements.
Subnet
A subnet is a logical division of an IP network into smaller, interconnected networks. It is used to improve network performance and security by separating different groups of devices.
Switch
A switch is a networking device that connects devices together on a network. It receives data packets and forwards them to their intended destination based on the device’s MAC address.
System Software
System software is a type of software that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer. It includes operating systems, device drivers, and utilities.
Touchpad
A touchpad is a type of pointing device that is used to input data and commands into a computer. It is a flat surface that is sensitive to finger movements and is often integrated into laptops and other portable devices.
Trojan Horse
A Trojan horse is a type of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate program or file in order to trick users into installing it. Once installed, it can perform malicious actions on the victim’s computer.
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
USB is a standard for connecting devices to a computer. It is used to transfer data and power between devices and is commonly used to connect peripherals such as printers and external hard drives.
Utility
A utility is a type of software that performs a specific task to maintain or improve the performance of a computer. Examples include antivirus software and disk defragmenters.
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A VPN is a private network that uses a public network (such as the internet) to connect remote sites or users. It allows users to securely access resources on the private network from anywhere.
Virus
A virus is a piece of malicious software that is designed to spread from one computer to another. It can cause harm to a computer by deleting files, corrupting data, or performing other malicious actions.
Webcam
A webcam is a video camera that is used to capture images and video and transmit them over the internet. It is often built into laptops or can be attached to a desktop computer or monitor.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A WAN is a computer network that spans a larger geographic area, such as a city or country. It typically uses telecommunication lines or satellite links to connect devices.
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows devices to connect to a network using radio waves. It is commonly used to connect devices to a WLAN or to the internet.
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
A WLAN is a LAN that uses wireless technology, such as Wi-Fi, to connect devices. It is often used to connect devices that are not physically connected to a network.
Worm
A worm is a type of malware that is designed to replicate itself and spread from one computer to another without the need for a host file. It can cause harm to a computer by deleting files, corrupting data, or performing other malicious actions.